Government Spending Policy in Islamic Economics

Government Spending Policy in Islamic Economics - Efficiency and economize and effectiveness is a staple in the Government spending policy. In Islam it is guided by Islamic norms and the determination of the scale of priorities. The former cleric has provided general norms are extracted from the Qur'an and Sunnah in guiding government spending policy. These norms, such as the following:

1. That the scales or spending policy government spending should always follow the best concerns rule "maslahah".
2. Avoid "Masyaqqoh," adversity and national should come first rather then doing on nuclear
3. Individual excuse bad deeds in order to avoid bad deeds in the common scale
4. The sacrifice of the individual or the individual losses can be sacrificed for the sake of avoiding a loss and sacrifice in the common scale
5. Kaiah "Al-Giurmu bil gunmi" i.e. the rule that States that the benefit should be prepared to bear the brunt (who wants to be ready to bear the loss luck)
6. Rule "Ma la yatimmu Al waajibu illa bihi fahua wajibun" rule which States that "a compulsory enforced thing, and without other supporting factors supported by cannot be built, then enforce ancillary factors continue to be mandatory law.

These norms can help in realizing the effectiveness and efficiency in government spending patterns in Islam so that the goals of the Government spending could be achieved. The purpose of government spending in Islam is as follows.

1. Expenditure in order to meet the needs of public urination.
2. The expenditure as a means of redistribution of wealth
3. Expenses that lead to the increasing demand for effective
4. Expenditure relating to the investment and production
5. Expenditure aimed at suppressing inflation rate with market intervention policy. 

General Government expenditure policies in Islamic economic system can be divided into three sections as follows.

1. The Government's operational needs Shopping routine
2. General shopping can be done when government funding source, is included
3.  Public Expenditures related to the projects agreed by the community following their funding systems.

As for Islamic rule which relates to the operational needs of the Government's spending routinely refers to the norms mentioned above. In more detail the State's budget should be based on the following points.

1. That policy shopping routine must comply with the principle of common, maslahah should not be associated with a person or groups of people benefit, especially for the benefit of government officials.
2. the rules or principles of efficiency in the shopping routine, i.e. get as much as possible the benefits and costs is the cheapest, on its own away from the futile and miserly besides alokasinya in sectors which do not conflict with Sharia.
3. The next Rule is not in favour of the rich groups in spending, though allowed in favour of poor groups. Based on the rule quite passages are Saheeh as in knowledge of the "Al Hima", i.e. land in block by the Government specifically reserved for the public interest. When the Messenger of the land for grazing cattle defines the disadvantaged, the Prophet forbade cattle owned by the rich to feed there. Umar said: be careful not to cattle-Rahman Ibn Auf grazing land close to the disadvantaged. 4. Rule or principle of commitment to the rules of Shariah, the only country in the shopping appropriations things allowed and away from the mosque.
4. Rule or principle of commitment to the priority scale, at the start of the Sharia which is obligatory, sunnah and mubah or dhoruroh, hajiyyat, and kamaliyyah.

While public expenditures that can be done when government funding sources available, including the procurement of the infrastructure of water, electricity, health, education and the like. While the rule is the existence of the income in accordance with the Sharia to the fulfillment of these needs, such as those from government investment sector or Jizya or probate or possessions that no owner. The third is the common shopping related projects agreed by the community following their funding systems. Spending like this usually form through the mechanism of subsidies, both direct subsidies such as the granting of assistance for free or subsidized indirectly through the mechanism of production of subsidized goods. Own subsidies in accordance with the Islamic concept of partiality to the poor in terms of financial policy, namely how to increase the extent of their lives. But the concept of subsidies must be addressed so that the mechanism for achieving its objectives. The concept of which is the determination of the subsidy itself, i.e. for which need not be enjoyed by the rich, or subsidies in the form of direct assistance. Some clerics to allow financing of subsidies from zakat.